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Christos Voskrese!

I. It is with great joy that I greet you in this Paschal season with the joyous proclamation, "Christ is Risen." My joy is accompanied by my deep gratitude to God, for giving me the great blessing to be today with you, in this truly sacred place of the St. Sergios Lavra; and in this illustrious Moscow Spiritual Academy and Theological Seminary. My joy is also accompanied by my wholehearted thankfulness to the distinguished among the Orthodox Patriarchs, Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Russia, for the great honor of inviting both me and the noble representatives of our Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America to Moscow. I bring you as well the love and greetings of all the faithful of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, which is an Eparchy of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, and especially of the professors and your brother seminarians of the Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology in Brookline, Massachusetts.

It is, if possible, all the more auspicious to visit you in this season on the eve of the Feast of Saints Cyril and Methodios, Apostles to the Slavs, and the Celebration of Slavonic Literature and Culture. We have in the tradition of the Greek Church a corresponding celebration of Hellenic Letters and Culture in connection with the Feast of the Three Great Hierarchs: Saint Basil the Great, Saint Gregory the Theologian and Saint John Chrysostom on January 30th. In both cases the Holy Spirit has guided the Church into a truly meaningful and necessary spirit of thanksgiving: thanksgiving for the marvelous blessing of sacred letters and of the power of literacy and literature in general, connected with the brilliant Fathers of the Church. These Feasts are a welcome opportunity to reflect on the countless happy ways in which the written word shapes the life of our race and blesses us with wisdom and experience from around the world and across the ages. Especially for us in the Church, the gift of sacred letters, of precise knowledge of the mind of the martyrs and the faith of the Fathers and the Saints-this is a gift in which we greatly and gratefully rejoice.

The sacred literature has been ultimately possible by the invention of the alphabet the ABCs, that which seems so simple, and yet what tremendous advantages have come through this simple invention! The awesome technologies that we have today in the Information Age are but the fullest flowering of the potential inherent in those humble ABCs, in a simple alphabet. Saints Cyril and Methodios likewise bestowed this tremendous power upon the Slavic peoples through their inspired gift of the Slavonic Alphabet, the "Azbuka". And it can be argued that no people has harvested finer literary fruits than those which grew in Russian soil from the alphabetic seeds sown twelve centuries ago by Saints Cyril and Methodios, the Equals to the Apostles.

It is altogether appropriate to the meaning of this season to address some thoughts to you today as seminarians and as servants in training for the awesome mission of promoting the Gospel of Christ and to build up the body of His Church in our contemporary world. The world in which you will be sent forth to serve is a world of tremendous complexity in matters of ethical, social, ecological and soteriological concerns, and above all, a world of ideological challenges to the very heart of our Christian belief. We are obliged to consider these challenges and what our response must be as Orthodox Christian disciples and church leaders.

II. Let us begin considering these challenges with the statement of the Holy Apostle Paul in his Second Epistle to his spiritual son Timothy, (2 Tim 1:13) where the Apostle commands: Follow the model of healthy words which you have heard from me, in the faith and love in Christ Jesus. In Greek, Hupotúposin éche hugiainónton lógon ôn par emoû ékousas, en pístei kai agápe te en Christô Iesoû.

Saint Paul makes a very specific point here. In questions of faith, in matters of doctrine, there is of course truth and falsehood, there is right and wrong. But Saint Paul uses a particular word throughout the Pastoral Epistles (eight times in thirteen chapters, it should be noted!) to convey his specific point. The word is, in the original Greek text; hugiaíno, "to be healthy, wholesome." The meaning of this word is clear. For the Christian clergy or laity in the service of the Church, truth and falsehood are not merely abstract terms in a logical argument. They are vivid realities expressed by words that convey health. That which is correct and true should be also spiritually healthful, therapeutic, healing, and life-enhancing.

Saint Paul presents a picture of the Christian pastor and teacher as a physician who, through the ministry of his words, offers a cure for the diseases of the human soul: the passions, vices, and sinful habits of all kinds. Death and life are in the power of the tongue, says the Book of Proverbs in the Old Testament (18:21). Words have power: power to injure, yes, but power also to heal. Saint Paul insists that his disciple Timothy be mindful always to use words that are healthy words, creating health and well-being for the recipients, as was the practice of Saint Paul himself, and of course, primarily of our Lord Jesus Christ.

It is in the spirit of this teaching that our Father among the Saints Gregory the Theologian describes the work of the good pastor precisely in medical terms in his very powerful Second Oration (para. 16). In the course of pastoral care, which Saint Gregory calls the art of arts and the science of sciences, the healer of souls takes on a task more laborious and important than even the physician of bodies. As a spiritual healer, the bishop or the priest helps to administer the medicine of persuasion leading to faith that comes through a healthy sense of self-respect (para. 32), based ultimately, we would add, on the understanding that the human person is created in the image of God. The healing arts of priestly service are administered through what Saint Gregory considers as the first of his duties: the distribution of the word (para. 35) as a distribution of medicine that heals. He emphatically states that words have tremendous power both to heal and to harm. Like Saint Paul, he counsels great sensitivity and caution in the pastoral use of words.

It is important that the Orthodox priest or teacher constantly exercises his own good judgment in discerning and using words producing healing and health, from words causing spiritual damage and disease. But it is equally important that he also remembers what Saint Paul said to Timothy: Follow the model of the healthy words which you have heard from me in the faith and love of Christ Jesus (2 Tim. 1:13). Like Timothy, we have to study carefully and with deep reverence not only the ideas revealed in Holy Scripture, but even the ways in which the Lord and His Apostles present these ideas and shape in words the expression of the healing truth. We, unlike Saint Timothy, do not have a direct personal experience of the apostolic presence and model of healthy words. We have, however, the tremendous advantage of belonging to the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church, which guided by the Holy Spirit of God, for nearly 2000 years, preserves intact and fully operative the apostolic model of using the healing words of the Gospel in our proclamation of the truth of God to our fellow man.

Was this not, in fact, the precept by which Saints Cyril and Methodios lived? Did they not themselves hold fast to and follow the model of sound healing words that had been delivered to them? From a linguistic point of view, there is something truly unique about the translation work of these Apostles to the Slavs. Always they showed great sensitivity to the idioms of the language into which they were translating the literature of the Church. Yet always they strove to be exceptionally exact in their faithfulness to the text of the Church. Their work is a masterpiece of the translator's art! Rarely has such a happy marriage of love for the original text and for the language of translation been achieved. And this adherence to the pattern of sound, healthy, therapeutic words on their part set the cornerstone upon which was built the entire textual tradition of the Russian Church for centuries to follow. Even today in the English-speaking world, translations of Russian liturgical texts-in other words, translations of translations!-compare very favorably in terms of faithfulness to the original text even with direct translations from the Greek. Such is the legacy of the Saints Cyril and Methodios in zealous conformity to the apostolic models of proclaiming the truth through sound words.

This legacy is vital for us today. Frequently, there is a temptation to go beyond the plain message of the truth revealed in the Gospel of Christ and to add one's own words and ideas-philosophical, political, aesthetic. Eager to please, the clergy may err by indulging speculative concepts from outside of the healthy tradition of the Fathers. For you, as future physicians of the soul, there is need for study, for training, for conscious adherence to the apostolic model preserved by our Orthodox Church. In a multitude of words, transgression is not lacking, we read in the Old Testament Book of the Proverbs (10:19), and in this spirit the wise and good student of theology applies himself to a particular kind of askesis-the discipline of restraint and very careful usage of words in language. The age-old and time-tested prescriptions of the Church are the sole guide for the pastor of Christ's flock.

It is important, therefore, in light of our celebration of the Day of Slavonic Letters, for you as seminarians to apply yourselves rigorously to the task of reading and mastering the immeasurable legacy that has come to you through the literary heritage of the Church. Yours are the Scriptures; yours are the Fathers – from the early Christian centuries to the times of Saints Cyril and Methodios and beyond; yours are the riches of liturgical psalms and hymns and spiritual songs. These constitute the pattern of sound words for you to hold fast, if you would be healers in this broken and ailing world.

III. And the world is broken and ailing indeed! It can be overwhelming to consider the challenges to the well-being of our world that we face at the dawn of this twenty-first century. We see a global society that is in turmoil constantly, in a state of spiritual disease and infirmity. What is this disease? It is the distancing from God, or even the denial of the existence of God, with its tragic consequences. The very thing that your great author Fyodor Dostoevsky diagnosed almost prophetically: If there is no God, everything is permitted. For if there is no God, there is no truth, there is no justice; there is no restraint on any human behavior. If there is no God, then every human person and every human invention becomes a candidate to be the idol that replaces God. This is the illness of the modern world.

What are the symptoms of this illness? It is manifested firstly in the dysfunctional relationship between the humanity and the rest of creation. From the outset of the Industrial Age, there has been an attitude towards the world that sees the waters and the lands and the trees and the animals not as the elements with us in a common habitat designed by a loving Creator, not as the beneficiaries of careful human stewardship. Rather, the environment is reduced to the status of mere "resources" for exploitation, of objects for consumption. It is this attitude that has allowed the global crisis of pollution of our air, our water, and now even our food supply.

But more than this, we have seen the rise of the consumer mentality, especially in the societies of the West. It is the psychological pressure to acquire more, to travel more, to expend more, simply to make a statement about personal status and wealth. And so today we see the phenomenon of the "carbon footprint," which is a measurement of just how much energy (in terms of so-called "fossil fuels") one consumes in order to maintain a lifestyle of work, leisure, travel, and entertainment. Unlike a footprint in the sand, though, that can be wiped away by wind or water, the carbon footprint leaves an indelible mark upon the wind and the water, not to mention the landscape, the flora and the fauna. A carbon footprint persists for years in the form of smog and acid rain, in the accumulation of greenhouse gases and the depletion of the ozone layer. It is a footprint that leaves tracks inside the lungs of asthmatic children and in the buildup of toxic residue in the tissue of cattle, birds, and fish.

To speak of this condition of consumerism as a spiritual "disease" is not quite accurate. What we have in our developed societies is more akin to an addiction. It is perpetual drunkenness on petroleum, and in the spirit of this drunkenness, everything is permitted when it comes to the appetite for energy. But as with alcoholism, the inebriated feelings of elation and invincibility cannot last. Unless the addiction is broken, a very painful day of forced sobriety is coming soon upon the whole world. How does the spiritual healer respond to this sickness, to this usurpation by mankind of God's place as proprietor of the Creation?

But that alone is not the extent of the disease! This world of the twenty-first century, this ailing patient upon whom you will attend as spiritual healers, this is a patient with many other grave symptoms as well. Humankind is not only in a state of conflict with the created order; it is also at odds with humanity as well. Ours is a world of appalling injustice. The wealth of God's creation is not shared equally by God's children. And in such a circumstance, we have oppression; we have an undeclared war between rich and poor. And although slavery is largely abolished in the world as an acceptable concept of holding other humans as property, nevertheless there is for many millions of our brothers and sisters a condition of economic slavery. When poverty is so great that basic human freedom for self-determination is destroyed, this is nothing less than slavery.

Nor does the record of man's inhumanity to man restrict itself to economic oppression. Basic human rights are frequently denied for reasons of race, gender, religious affiliation, and other differences. Equal treatment under law is not available to so many people of the world. Basic freedoms of worship and speech and assembly are trampled by the powers that be. In the treatment of our fellow man, more and more we see that everything is permitted. And so among rich and poor alike, the full dignity of the human person is asphyxiated, and with it is choked off the self-respect by which Saint Gregory insists that the spiritual medicine should be administered. Having excluded God the Creator as the Loving Lord and God, modern man has inadvertently destroyed the conception of himself as a creature bearing the divine likeness.

From this we now are witnessing the development of two parallel complications in the spiritual condition of mankind. Among the privileged societies there is an increase in secularization, which is the denial of all transcendent values and a reduction of every human concern to genetics or psychology. Accompanying this cultural change is an equally dramatic shift in religious behavior, with increasing numbers of people falling into the category of the "Unchurched." For example, although in America there is a 90% majority of the population that generally believes in God, there are 60 million people who fall into the category of the "Unchurched," that is, not connected to any Church. It might be added that even among those who continue to attend church, secularized mindsets are now more visible. This presents a situation where the clergy often find themselves in ideologically conflicted conditions on basic questions of values and mission even with the people whom they serve.

In a parallel development, less affluent nations experience the total disrespect of human dignity in a different way, namely through the rise of fundamentalist religions. The fundamentalist, feeling insufficiently in control of his life, adopts a form of religiosity that claims power to control God, in hope of controlling the entirety of the society that oppresses him. The fundamentalist identifies his concerns with God's in an absolutist way. This tendency is seen most clearly in some forms of Muslim and Hindu fundamentalist religion in Asia, as well as in the multiplication of certain Mormon sects and Protestant cults in America.

To extend the medical metaphor, fundamentalist religious forms are essentially an "anaphylactic reaction" to secularization. Reactionary forms of thoughts, reactionary lifestyles, reactionary modes of interpretation become the norm for the fundamentalist, who seeks to close eyes, ears, and mind to the contamination of secular decadence. The appeal of fundamentalist religion is greatest among those who have been victims of modern secular societies, economically or socially. This is nowhere more evident than in the expansion of fundamentalist form of Islam among the poorer peoples of various geographical areas all over the world.

IV. Here then, beloved seminarians, is the world which you will be sent forth to serve. In the mind of secular man, there is no God, or even if He does exist, it does not matter. This is clearly the condition of a grave disease. What are the models of healthful words that you will supply to spiritually sick people? What is the medicine leading to truth that you have been given to offer?

Let me at the final part of my presentation briefly outline the nature of our Orthodox Christian response to the sickness of our contemporary world. First, we must maintain our Church's position as being a witness to the Truth. The absolute Truth revealed by Christ, the incarnate God. . In our post-modern world, the word "truth" as something absolute is believed not to exist! But the reality is that if there is one God, there can be but one truth.

The truth to which we give testimony is not first of all a philosophical system. Truth is an experience of the living person of Jesus Christ, Who declared I am the Truth (St. John 14:6), and Who prayed that His disciples be consecrated in truth (St. John 17:19). Truth is tasted and seen in a life that has been transformed by the touch of the unseen hand of the Great Physician of souls and bodies, our Risen Lord. Without the blessing of this transformation that comes through genuine repentance and is perfected by the grace of God, no priest or bishop is empowered to witness to the Truth. Witnessing to the truth of Christ, establishing its absolute character, constitutes a very effective and salvific medicine or antidote to the falsehood of contemporary life and the deplorable relativization of truth in a secularized world.

Secondly, we offer the true worship of God to a thirsty humanity. and we offer it through the magnificent variety of worship services provided by our Orthodox Church, in joyful accordance with what the Lord commanded: God is Spirit, and those who worship Him must worship in spirit and in truth (St. John 4:24). If the sickness of the world is a distancing from God, the cure is a return to Him, falling down in worship of Him. Genuine worship is the chemotherapy for the cancer of secularization and existential alienation. In our Orthodox worship, we rejoice as servants before their Lord, receiving with gratitude His divine love and all its gifts. And we are eager to share the treasures of Orthodox Christian prayer and chant with all peoples, so that all may rejoice in the radiance of the presence of the Risen Christ through the experience of the Divine Liturgy.

Thirdly, we offer the true life of God in a life of love that is like the love of the heavenly Father: unlimited, unconditional, and without discrimination. Without love, without a genuine, personal, and tender concern for our neighbors, our preaching will be in vain. Actions speak louder than words, we say in America. For this reason, Saint Paul enjoins Timothy: Follow the model of healthy words, in the faith and love which are in Christ Jesus." Philanthropy is at the heart of the Christian message. You cannot be an effective witness to the Truth; you cannot be an effective healer of the suffering soul, unless you personally radiate love from a heart that is full of love received from the Lord. We love because He first loved us" says Saint John the Evangelist (1 John 4:19). Aside from that divine and self-sacrificial love, no true expression of love is possible.

Finally, what we offer as medicine for the world is not simply a model of words about Christ, but a model of words and life and faith that make Christ present in every place we go. In this way we offer the total Christ, the genuine Christ.

But to communicate the authentic presence of Christ, we must unswervingly follow the model of His teaching, we must follow in His steps (cf. 1 Peter 2:21). And His steps lead to the Cross! For the fires of hatred that burn in a world where everything is permitted, these fires are not extinguished by retaliating in kind. Only by absorbing hatred and showing love in return can the follower of Christ join Him in overcoming the fallen world. Obedience to this teaching conveys the authentic presence of Christ, and establishes the true faith on a firm foundation. In this sense, we can understand the triumphal declaration of Saint John the beloved disciple: This is the victory that has overcome the world, even our faith (I John 5:4)

When Saints Cyril and Methodios came to the Slavic people, did they not by their words bring healing to the society they encountered? Prince Vladimir himself is one of the chief examples of the healing power of their ministry. Before baptism he was a man of large appetites, bold in battle and oftentimes ruthless and bloodthirsty. After baptism he opened the gates of his palace to the needy and shared his banquets with the poor. Torture and capital punishment were abolished in his realm. He built nursing homes for the aged and weak. His sons Boris and Gleb became Passion-Bearing Saints through their resolve to abide in the healing love of Christ.

On this occasion, as we stand ready to commemorate once again the Feast of Saints Cyril and Methodios, you as their spiritual descendants should take great courage in the example that they set, and in the power of holding to the model of healthy words which was given to you. It is a power to change the world! For me, a son of Thessaloniki – the city of Saints Cyril and Methodios – and an Exarch of the same Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople that sent them on their apostolic mission of evangelization to share the Good News of the Gospel, it is an honor to be present here in person with you to rejoice in their ever-memorable legacy of faithfulness to the Gospel, to Truth, to right worship, to unlimited love.

I spoke earlier about the 60 million people in America who are "Unchurched." Several Roman Catholic and Protestant theologians in the United States have told me that those people in essence – without realizing it – are looking for Orthodoxy, are thirsty for Orthodoxy. Such unchurched people might also be here, in Russia, as well. What would Saints Cyril and Methodios have done today if they were here? But they are with us today! Calling us to reach the unchurched, to reach everyone, to bring everyone into the embrace of Christ, the Lord Jesus Christ, the Word who was from the beginning, and Who is the Alpha and Omega of the Universe.

May He, the Risen Lord be always with you.

XPICTOC ANECTH!

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