150 . , 13,4% . . . , , , , . (1) 80,5% . , , , () . , , , - .
. , ( 1906 .), 1947 . , . , , , . , , , (2). , .
, . , 7 . . 40 . - , "" - . , , , , , , , , (3). , , . .
1948 . - , , , . ( , ), . .
, , . - , (The Evacuee Property Act) , . , , , , .
, , , , , , . 1947 . . , (), . .
, - . , , , .
, , , , , , , . 1949 . - . . , 1920- . , . .
" " 44, : " , ". 40 .
, . , , - . , , , , (1952, 1957 1962 .).
1964 . - , " " ( , 1980 . " ", ). , -- ( ,
1941 .), , ( 1948 .).
1960- . , , . . - . . 1967 . , ( , , ).
(1966-1984) (1984-1989), - , . - , - . (1975-1977). , , . , , : " " ", ". , . , .
, 1977 . " " ( ), , , .
1980 . . . , . , 1985 ., .
" ", , . , 1985 . , . 1974 . - (). , , . , , , , .
, , , , , , . , 1970- . , .
. 1985 . 70- .
- . , , , , , . " " ( .., 1843 .), : " " (4). .
. . , , , . , , .
. , - .
, , , . . 1986 . ( ). , . , , ( ) (5). , , . .
, , - . , , .
, , , , , , , . " " ( ), , " " ( ) " ". " !". "--" " !". . . (6).
, , , , , . 1990 . - .. .. ( ) 27% " ". , , 4,2% (7).
, ( ). - .. , " " , . , , , ( ) - ( ).
, , . , , , ..
( ) , , , XVI . , , , 1980- . . , ( ) ( ) " ". 1980- . ( ). , .
" " . , , 1992 . , 27% " ".
, , 6 1992 . . - , 1500 . , , , (8). .
1993 . , , , . , " ", , ( ). , , . , ( ) " " , .
, " " . 1998 . , (9).
- . , 2002 ., 2000 (10).
, . . , . " , ", ., (11).
. , , , . , . , .
, . , . , . , , , .
, . , , " ".
2004 . () . , , , . , , 30 ., " " ( ).
2005 . . , - , , . . . , . , - . , , .
, , , 13 , . : , , , . . , , , 1980- . , " ", , . 1990- . " " , , . .
-
. , - , , . 60,2% , , ( 43%). 2,1% - , 1% . 10% , ( 25%). . , , , , .
. (2001 .) 59,1% ( 64,8%). 50,1%, 65,1%, 80,3% (12). 60% . 4% . , , . 4% . 2% (3,1% 0,8% ).
31% (16% ), 40% (31% ), 40% (37% ).
60 . 4,9% , . , , , . , , 30,9%, 10,9% . 25,2% 4,7%, 18,5% 7,5%.
. 31,3%, 40,4%, 39,7%.
- . 26% (2001 .) 31% , , (35%). 38,4% (, ) (13).
2006 . 400 . . : , . . , , . , - . : . , ( ), - , , , .
, , . , . . - . , . . . , . , , , .. - - .
, , .
, . ( ), . ( ) 1950 . (14).
" ", , . , , , , . , " ", (15).
2006 . " ", , , .. , 2007 . - , , , . , . , - . (16).
, , , , . . " ". . , , , .
, , , " " ( ) . , . , : " , , " (17).
" " . , , , , , . .
, (18). , . , , . 1990- ., , " " .., .
, 2007 . . " ", , 206 403, . 22 , 50.
, , , . , . , . . , , , , , , . , .
, , . , , , .
, , , , .
(1) 2001 . 138 .. (The First Report on Religion. Census of India 2001).
(2) Urvashi Butalia. Community, State, Gender. Some Reflections on the Partition of India // Mushirul Hasan (ed.). Inventing Boundaries. Gender, Politics and the Partition of India. New Delhi, OU. 2002, p. 183.
(3) In a Minority. Essays on Muslim Women in India. Zoya Hasan and Ritu Menon (eds). New Delhi, OUP, 2005, p. 231, 264.
(4) Khan M. W. Woman between Islam and Western Society. New Delhi, 1995, p. 13.
(5) In a Minority.., p. 393.
(6) Vibhuti Patel. The Shah Bano Controversy and the Challenges Faced by Women's Movement in India. Problems of Muslim Women in India // Asghar Ali Engineer (ed.). Orient Longman. Bombay, 1995, p. 142.
(7) http://www.milligazette.com. 15.01.2007
(8) Mainstream. 19.12.1992, p. 1.
(9) Deepal Jayasekera. Government report concedes India's Muslims are a socially deprived, victimised minority http://www.wsws.org/ articles. 30.12.2006.
(10) .: Brass Paul R. The Production of Hindu-Muslim Violence in Contemporary India. Oxford University Press, 2002.
(11) Rajalakshmi .. Seclusion inflicted by insecurity // Frontline. December 02-15, 2006.
(12) The First Report on Religion...
(13) http://www.wsws.org/articles.30.12.2006; 1947 , . .: The First Report on Religion...
(14) Sachar Committee Report on Social, Economic and Educational Status of the Muslim Community in India // Badri Raina. Right Wing Lies Exposed http:// www.sulekha.com. 15.12.2006.
(15) Venkitesh Ramakrishnan. Community on the Marging // Frontline. December 02-15.2006.
(16) PM Vows To Do more for Muslims // The Asian Age. 28.12.2006.
(17) Bhupesh Chaubey. Quota for Muslims is "UP" to the PM www.ibnlive.com.21.11.2006.
(18) Javeed Alam. A Turning Point // Frontline. December 02-15.200
18.10.2007
: